研究环境香烟烟雾暴露方法上必需考虑的问题

METHODOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE STUDY OF HUMAN EXPOSURE TO ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO SMOKE(ETS)

本文对在美国所进行的不吸烟者环境香烟烟雾（ＥＴＳ）暴露水平的大样本研究作了综述。内容包括取样地点的特定要求，收集样本的时间问题，评估ＥＴＳ暴露的合理标记物，以及用独立的方法去核实被检者自述ＥＴＳ暴露情况。以下是一些最重要的结论：（ａ）ＥＴＳ暴露的实际浓度比以前各地测量结果或短期暴露结果的预期浓度为低。（ｂ）家庭中的接触比工作场所更重要（浓度×暴露时间），约高２～１０倍。（ｃ）被检者报告吸烟情况的错误率比美国环保署（ＥＰＡ）先前所估计的高。（ｄ）用唾液古丁（Ｃｏｔｉｎｉｎｅ）含量来评估ＥＴＳ中尼古丁暴露的定量指标并不合适。

Some of the lessons learned from a large study of personal exposure of non smokers to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) in the United Stated are reviewed.These include the need for establishing specific criteria for the sampling venues to be considered in the study, allowing adequate time to perform the recruiting,using appropriate markers for assessing ETS exposures, and the use of independent measures to confirm self reported smoking status among participants.Some of the most important conclusion from the large study of ETS exposure include:a)Concentrations of ETS to which subjects were exposed are lower than those predicted from area measurements or short duration personal exposure studies.b)The home is a more important source of ETS exposure (concentration multiplied by duration)than the workplace,by a factor of 2～10.c)Subjects misreport their current smoking status at a rate higher than that previously estimated by the US Environmental Protection Agency.d)Salivary cotinine is not useful as a quantitative indicator of ETS nicotin exposure on an individual basis.