棉花害虫生物生态控制关键技术研究

Studies on Key Techniques for Bio-ecological Control of Cotton Insect Pests

１９９１～１９９５年在“六五”、“七五”科技攻关研究的基础上，根据北方棉区“作物一害虫一天敌”系统的基本特点，从不同生态类型棉田昆虫群落的研究入手，重点探讨了棉花害虫生物生态控制关至技术，并组建了麦套春棉棉花害虫生物生态控制技术系统。在棉田昆虫群落方面，重点研究了不同生态类型棉田昆虫群落的抽样方法、结构与功能及其季节性格局；在生物控害技术方面，重点研究了利用寄主抗虫性、增强寄主耐害性、保护利用天敌、天敌控害阈值等关键技术；在生态控害技术方面，重点研究了翻耕灭蛹、立体种植等关键技术。组建了麦套春棉棉花害虫生物生态控制技术系统，累计示范面积５０００多ｈｍ￣２。示范区内主要棉花害虫的危害损失被控制在８％～１２％，每公顷挽回皮棉损失６０～８０ｋ８·ｈｍ￣（－２），节省用药２０％～３０％，直接经济效益５３０～６５０万元人民币；天敌总量较常规防治区增加２６％～３５％，未发生人畜中毒事故。

Insect community in different cotton croping systems and key techniques forbio一ecological control of cotton insect pests were studied,and the technical system for bio一ecological control of cotton insect pests was established in 1991一1995,based on the re- search results in 1981～1990.In insect community,sampling method,structure,and sea- sonl pattern ,was determined.In biological control,utilization of host plant resistance,strengthening of host plant tolerance,protection of natural enemies, and inaction thresholdof principal predators,was studied.In ecological control,destruction of cotton bollvvormpupae by ploughing fields,and control of insect pests through multi一cropping,wasworked out.The accumulated acreage for the technical system of bio一ecological controldemonstrated was 5000 hectares with damage from key cotton insect pests brought downbelow 8%～12%,application of insecticides decreased by 21%～30%and abundance ofnatural enemies increased by 26%～35%. The total net economic return from the demon- stration was 5.3～6.5 million Yuan(RMB)without occurrence of poisoning accidence forhuman being and animal husbandry.