战国秦汉时期长江中游地区气候状况研究

A Study on the Climate in the Area of the Middle of Yangtze River from the Zhanguo Period to the East Han Dynasty

本文根据历史文献、考古材料和钻孔孢粉资料等,对战国秦汉时期长江中游地区的气候状况进行了初步的探讨。结果表明:战国初期,该地气候温暖湿润;战国中后期至西汉武帝后期,气温下降,气候温凉,极端寒冷事件不断出现;约从公元前100年始,气温明显回升,至公元初年前后,长江中游地区复为温暖湿润的气候环境;公元之初的新莽政权时期,气候经历了由暖而寒的历史转变,降温过程大致持续到东汉明帝时期;之后至东汉中后期,气候暖湿,尤其是冬季气温相对较高;东汉后期,气候再度出现了幅度不大的波动,标志着魏晋南北朝时期大降温的开始。此间气候虽屡有起伏,但总体而言,战国秦汉时期长江中游地区的气候仍以暖湿为主,气温略高于今,或与现今差别不大。在干湿状况方面,具有干湿相间的特点。

From the Zhanguo period to the East Han Dynasty,the Climate in the Area of the middle of Yangtze River changed frequently. At the beginning of the Zhanguo period, it was warm and wet. From the middle of the Zhanguo period to the late of Hanwu Emperor, it was less warm,and there were many chill events. During B. C. 100 and the early of the 1st century,it was warm and wet again. But during the Xin Dynasty and Ming Emperor,it became cold. After that,it was warmer, especially in winter. In the last phase of the East Han,it was colder than before,but which indicated the beginning of large scale temperature decline in the 3rd century. Although there were many changes during this,compare with today, it was relative warm or identical. In the meantime,it alternated between dryness and wetness.