清代黄土高原地区城镇书院的时空分布与选址特征

Distribution and Locational Selection of City Academy of Learning in Loess Plateau Area during the Qing Dynasty

清代城镇书院已比较普遍地发展起来,但城镇书院在各地的发展却经历了不同的时空演变过程。本文通过对黄土高原地区不同级别城镇书院的考察,详细地揭示了不同级别城镇书院的时空演变过程及其特征。府县级城镇仿效省会设立书院的实践主要在乾隆年间才出现,城镇书院的发展总体上由区域东南部向西北部推广,乾隆时期出现发展高峰,发展重心向黄河以西转移。城镇书院时空变化特征显著。书院选址以城内为主,空间上体现了偏重东部和东南部的观念。

City academy of learning developed very quickly and widely in our country during the Qing dynasty, but its developing process was different in different areas. It was demonstrated different characteristic of different city academy of learning, by investigation on different cities in this paper. Practice of the cities setting up the academy of learning in the wake of Province city was mainly in Qianlong dynasty, and distribution of academy of learning of county areas was spread from southeast to northwest. It appeared high peak during Qianlong period, and the developing center transferred to west of Yellow river. The distribution features of academy of learning was very obvious, that is to say, location selection of academy of learning focused on inside of main cities, and showed that location selection linked to east and southeast areas.