我国专用棉新品种选育技术体系的建立与应用成效

Foundation and Effects of Key Technique Sytems of Special UsedCotton Variety Breeding in China

本项研究在广泛收集和评价长绒、低酚、耐旱碱和抗虫４种专用棉种质资源的基础上，采用全程逆境鉴定和定向选择技术，提高了对逆境抗性的选择效果，混交混选和分裂交配技术的应用，减弱和打破了专用性状与产量及主要农艺性状的遗传负相关，初步建立和完善了抗逆性鉴定技术和指标，生物技术与常规育种技术相结合培育转Ｂｔ基因抗虫棉，实现了我国棉花育种技术的新突破。利用上述技术体系“八五”期间育成各类专用棉新品种１７个，其中抗虫棉和耐旱碱棉新品种为我国首次育成。

This reseach is based on the collection and comments of 4 kinds of special cottongermplasrns,extra long staple cotton,glandless cotton,drought and salt resistant cottonand pest resistant cotton. The selection effects of special used cotton are improved bywhole process of environment test in breeding.The genetical negative correlation of maineconomic characters with special used characters are reduced and broken by mixture crossand split cross methods. The techniques and standard systems of unfavorable environmenttest are set up and modified.The new breackthrough of cotton breeding technique is alsomade in Bt gene transformation by the combination of biotechnology with general breedingtechnology. Using these techniques refered,17 special cotton vareities have been bred,a-mong which pest resistant and drought/salt resistant varieties used in north China are firstreleased in China.