山莨菪碱、旋覆花素、苦碟子对过度训练致急性心肌损伤大鼠的影响

Effects of anisodamine, inula britannica and ixeris sonchifolia hance on the overtraining-induced myocardial injury in rats

目的 探讨山莨菪碱、旋覆花素、苦碟子对过度训练致急性心肌损伤大鼠的影响。方法 雄性Wistar大鼠80只，体重200～220g，随机分为5组：正常对照组（C组，n=8）、力竭对照组（E组，n=24）、山莨菪碱组（A组，n=16）、旋覆花素组（IB组，n=16）、苦碟子组（IS组，n=16）。采用游泳致力竭建立过度训练动物模型。A组于力竭前即刻腹腔注射山莨菪碱10mg/kg，IB组于力竭前24h和力竭前即刻151腔灌人旋覆花素25ml／kg，IS组于力竭前即刻腹腔注射苦碟子20ml／kg。取标本检测大鼠血清磷酸肌酸激酶（CK）及其同工酶（CK-MB）的活性，光镜观察心肌组织形态学，采用流式细胞术及TUNEL法检测大鼠心肌细胞凋亡，并计算心肌细胞凋亡率。结果 与C组比较，E组、A组、IB组和IS组血清CK及CK-MB升高，心肌细胞凋亡率升高（P〈0．05）；与E组比较，A组、IB组及IS组大鼠血清CK及CK-MB及心肌细胞凋亡率均降低（P〈0．05）。光镜下，E组的心肌细胞核深染，有固缩现象；而A组、IB组及IS组的心肌心肌组织学变化均未见异常。结论 山莨菪碱、旋覆花素、苦碟子预先给药通过抑制心肌细胞的凋亡，可减轻过度训练致大鼠的心肌损伤。

Objective To evaluate the effects of anisodamine, inula britannica and ixeris sonchifolia hance on the myocardial injury induced by overtraining in rats. Methods Eighty male Wistar rats weighing 200- 220 g were used in this study. Overtraining was induced by exhausting swimming. Exhaustion was defined as ： （ 1 ） the animal sank to the bottom 〉 10 s during swimming; （2） uncoordinated swimming and （3） the animal lost escape/righting reflex when placed on the table. The animals were randomly divided into 5 groups ： group C control （ n = 8） ; group E exhaustion （ n = 24） ; group A anisodamine （ n = 16） ; group IB inula britannica （ n = 16） and group IS ixeris sonchifolia hance （n = 16） . In group A and IS anisodamine 10 mg·kg^-1 and ixeris sonchifolia hance 20ml·kg^-1were given intraperitoneally immediately before exhausting swimming respectively. In group IB inula britannica 25ml·kg^-1 was given orally 24 h and immediately before swimming. The animals were killed immediately （Tl ） and at 6 h and 24 h after exhaustion separately. The hearts and blood were obtained for determination of （1） serum CK and CK-BM activity; （2） apoptosis in cardiomyocytes （TUNEL） and percentage of apoptotic cardiomyocytes （flow cytometry） and （3） microscopic examination of myocardium. Results The serum CK and CK-MB activities and the percentage of apoptotic cardiomyocytes were significantly increased in group E, A, IB and IS as compared with group C（control group） and were significantly lower in group A, IB and IS than in group E. Microscopic examination showed that the nuclei of the cardiomyocytes were condensed and deeply stained in group E while they were fairly normal in group A, IB and IS. Conclusion Pretreatment with anisodamine, inula britannica and ixeris sonchifolia can attenuate apoptosis in cardiomyocytes in exhausted animals and against myocardial injury induced by exhaustion.