诗界革命采用保守方式的原因探微

An Exploration of the Causes of Conservative Ways Adopted in the Revolution of Poetry

诗界革命是多元发生的、本土化的、保守的汉诗改良运动。它是特定时代的产物,既有诗的因素,更有政治体制和文化思想变革等非诗的因素。晚清诗坛的进步势力与保守势力既对抗更和解的局势决定了诗界革命的保守改良性质。保守也来源于那些热衷改革的进步文人,他们在政治体制上不得不“全盘西化”,为了求得心理平衡,甚至因为自卑而产生自负,他们更加重视甚至高估本土文化,加上当时对外国诗歌的“先进性”的了解远不如对外国科学及政治体制的了解。古代汉诗特别是定型诗体格律诗体成了封建专制的象征物和封建文人聊以自慰的心理寄托品。在社会改革大潮冲击下,他们只愿意对汉诗进行“本土化”改良。因此诗界革命只在汉诗的语言特别是词语上作了适度的改良,根本没有涉及到汉诗文体的两大基本成分——诗体和诗家话的实质性变革。诗界革命采用保守的改良方针具有一定的合理性。

The revolution of poetry was plural, indigenous and conservative poetry reform movement. The confrontational yet reconciling configuration between progressive forces and conservative forces decided the conservative and reformative traits of the poetry revolution. The progressive intellectuals who were obsessed with reform had to be politically 'westernized' while, being conceited due to self-contempt, they stressed or even overstressed the indigenous culture and the poetry of metrical pattern. They only wanted to 'localize' the reform of the traditional poetry. Therefore, the revolution of poetry hardly implemented any substantial reform on the two basic elements in the genre of the traditional Chinese poetry: metrical pattern and 诗家语. It is somewhat reasonable that the revolution of poetry adopts conservative reform policies.