某露天煤矿企业职业卫生现状调查分析

Investigation of the Occupational Hygienic Status in an Outdoor Coalmine Enterprise

目的了解露天矿职业卫生现状,明确职业卫生工作重点。方法对云南省某露天煤矿企业职业卫生管理现状、生产方式、防尘措施进行现场调查,对作业现场粉尘、噪声、苯、锰及其化合物进行检测,对接触职业病危害因素的作业工人进行健康检查。结果职业卫生管理机构、人员设置及各项管理制度较健全,健康监护管理工作较规范。作业人员防护用品配备、使用不够规范。筛分厂防尘设施废弃且噪声危害较大。煤破碎及给煤机作业场所的粉尘浓度严重超过国家卫生标准,现有除尘设备已不能满足实际工作中的除尘需要。卸煤栈桥煤尘危害较为严重,个体岗位和定点检测煤尘浓度均严重超标,如采煤作业现场7个个体煤尘检测岗位,粉尘浓度不合格岗位为4个,总尘最大CTWA为7.39mg/m3、尘呼最大CTWA为4.67mg/m3)。连续工艺的采煤现场斗轮机观察、指挥、受料机观察、转载机观察4个岗位煤尘CTWA超标。职业健康检查未检出尘肺病例。结论①矿区基础设施及开采挖掘设备较先进,但防尘设施已不能满足目前生产除尘需求。②职业卫生宣传教育、培训不全面,作业工人缺乏对职业病危害因素的认识。③职业卫生管理缺乏力度,部分作业人员上岗时不坚持佩戴个人防护用品。

[Objective] To learn the occupational hygienic status in an outdoor coalmine enterprise and nail down the keystone of occupational hygienic work. [ Methods] On -site investigation was conducted on the occupational hygienic management, production modes and dust- prevention measures; detection was made on the dust, noise, benzene, manganese and chemical compounds on site; physical examination was done on the workers who were exposed to the risk factors of occupational diseases. [Results] The occupational hygienic management system was proved to be sound, while the preventive instruments and appliance were not standard; the noise hazard was rather serious; the dust density exceeded the national standard to a large extent, the dust- catching machines could not meet the needs of the production ; coal dust hazard in the coal - discharging trestle was also found to be serious; no pneumoconiosis case was detected through occupational physical examination. [ Conclusion] The basic establishment in the coalmine is advanced, but the dust - prevention instruments can not meet the needs of production; occupational hygienic education and training should be enhanced; management should be strengthened on the occupational hygiene.