婴幼儿父母对环境烟草烟雾暴露干预的意愿及影响因素的定性研究

A fuzzy multi-attribute group decision making approach to evaluation of filling quality of injury surveillance card

目的探讨婴幼儿父母对家庭和公共场所环境烟草烟雾暴露干预的意愿及影响因素。方法通过小组访谈和个人深入访谈的方法,以上海市长宁区遵义社区部分2岁以内婴幼儿的父母为研究对象,从对吸烟危害性的认识、目前的暴露状态和采取的保护措施、对将来干预的态度和建议等方面来探讨婴幼儿父母们对环境烟草烟雾暴露干预的意愿及影响因素。结果几乎所有的婴幼儿父母亲都没有进一步对家庭中环境烟草烟雾暴露状况进行干预的愿望。父亲们不愿意为了妻子和孩子的健康而戒烟;母亲们满足于家中现行采取的通风、回避和减少烟量等措施所带来的保护效果;对吸烟危害性知识的缺乏是影响婴幼儿父母干预意愿的主要因素。所有的婴幼儿父母都要求采用立法来控制公共场所的吸烟情况。结论必须结合中国特定的社会文化环境开展吸烟和环境烟草烟雾暴露有害健康的宣传教育,在全社会形成抵制环境烟草烟雾暴露的氛围,才有可能从根本上改善婴幼儿环境烟草烟雾暴露状况。

Objective To approach parents＇ perceptions of intervention on their infants＇ exposure to environmental tobacco smoke （ETS） at home and in public places. Methods The subjects were parents with children less than two years old in Zunyi Community of Changning District, Shanghai. Two focus groups discussions and nine in-depth individual interviews were carried out to obtain information about the current status of ETS exposure of infants, the measures taken to reduce ETS exposure, their knowledge of smoking and passive smoking hazards, attitudes, perceptions and suggestions to ETS exposure intervention, and possible influencing factors from those subjects. Results The controversial finding was showed. On one hand, almost all subjects showed no willingness in the intervention of home ETS exposure. Fathers would never like to quit smoking for the health of their wives and children; mothers were satisfied with the effect protected by some measures such as ventilation, avoidance, reducing smoking amount and so on, and were inactive to intervene in ETS exposure at home currently; lack of knowledge of smoking and passive smoking hazards was a major factor to influence parents＇ perceptions of intervention. On other hand, all parents strongly called for a law to control ETS exposure in public places. Conclusions The health education and health promotion on smoking and passive smoking hazards are very important to improve ETS exposure of infants in the cultural context of China.