二千年误解的消解——对古典隐喻理论的再认识

An In-depth Review of the Classical Metaphor Theory

亚里士多德和莱考夫是隐喻研究中最有影响的代表人物。一般认为他们各自的理论是相互对立的,其实这是一种误解。从认知科学的角度出发,对两种隐喻理论进行比较研究,则会发现亚里士多德的隐喻观和莱考夫的隐喻观在本质上是一致的,认知是两种隐喻理论的共同基石。亚里士多德关注的主要是语言表达过程中隐喻的修辞效果,而隐喻也是以认知为基础的。因此,隐喻既是认知的,也是语言的。

Aristotle and Lakoff are regarded as the most influential figures in the history of metaphor study. Their theories of metaphor are generally believed to be totally contradictory to each other. However, this paper attempts to prove that this is quite a misinterpretation of their ideas. The paper holds that both theories are intrinsically identical with cognition as their common theoretical foundation and cognition plays an essential role in linguistic expression. Finally, a brief analysis of the causes of the misinterpretation is given.