人乳头瘤状病毒检测分型技术进展

Development of human papillomavirus detection and genotyping methods

子宫颈癌是妇科常见的恶性肿瘤,目前的流行病学证据已证实特定型别的人乳头瘤状病毒(HPV)感染是子宫颈癌发生的必要条件,所以,运用准确高效的人乳头瘤状病毒检测分型技术进行病毒分型检测,对子宫颈病变的早期发现和预防十分重要。人乳头瘤状病毒检测分型技术包括直接核酸探针技术、信号放大技术和靶向扩增技术三类,目前被广泛使用的是靶向扩增技术,主要有INNO-LiPA HPV检测技术、Linearar-ray HPV分型技术、Microarray芯片技术和HPV DNA芯片技术;此外,基于竞争性杂交和等位基因特异延长的HPV分型技术与前哨碱基HPVDNA分型技术等也被应用于临床研究中。这些技术灵敏度、特异度高,能对多重病毒感染进行检测,其缺点包括对实验条件要求高,检测成本较高等。因此,目前研究的重点是开发出一种低成本、适合大多数国家进行临床检测和流行病学筛查的病毒分型技术。

Cervical cancer is frequent malignancy of female, epidemiologic evidence clearly indicates that infection of certain type of human papillomavirus （HPV） is the necessary cause of invasive cervical cancer. Therefore, to identify HPV types by accurate and effective genotyping tests is the key to early detection and prevention of cervical lesions. The HPV genotyping methods involve direct hybridization, signal amplification and target amplification. At present, target amplification technique is applied widely, which contains IN- NO- LiPA HPV genotyping assay, Linear array HPV genotyping test, the HPV oligonucleotide microarray,and the HPV genotyping DNA chip. In addition, HPV genotyping based on multiplex competitive hybridization combined with apyrase mediated allele -specific extension and sentinel -base DNA genotyping method are also used for clinical research. These methods have high sensitivity and specificity, and can detect multiple infections. The disadvantages, however, include the need for expensive experiment instruments, the high cost and so on. So emphasis should be laid at present to develop a technique that costs low and could be applied in the majority of countries for clinical detection and epidemiological screening.