甘蓝型油菜NEA胞质不育双低杂交种川油58的选育

Breeding of the New Double-low NEA-cytoplasmic Hybrid Variety Chuanyou No.58 in Brassica napus L.

提高杂交种种子纯度,协调杂交种高产与优质、多抗矛盾,一直是油菜杂交育种的主攻方向。利用笔者研制的NEA胞质雄性不育(NCMS)材料及其恢复材料,通过测交、连续回交、连续自交、杂交,实现三系配套,再经过品质测试、育性鉴定、抗性鉴定和产量比较试验,选育出高产、优质、多抗、高纯度杂交种。川油58为甘蓝型油菜NEA胞质雄性不育高产双低三系杂交新品种,不育系JA1,保持系JB1,恢复系JR2。JA1花朵不育度、不育花朵率及群体不育株率均达100%,不育性稳定彻底,不受环境因素影响,异交结实高,完全不同于现有波里马胞质不育(Pol.CMS)类型。JR2恢复力强,花粉量充足,散粉性好。川油58制种程序简化,制种产量高,杂交种纯度易保证,杂交优势强,综合性状好,品质优,丰产性突出,产量高,含油量高,熟期适中,适应性广,抗(耐)病性强,在各级中间试验和生产试验中表现突出,2005年10月通过四川省农作物品种审定委员会审定。甘蓝型油菜NEA胞质雄性不育材料及其恢复材料实现双低三系配套,不仅保证了杂交种种子纯度,而且在一定程度上协调了高产与优质、多抗的矛盾。

Improving the uniformity of hybrid-seed and coordinating high-yield and double-low and disease-resistance were the main rapeseed breeding tackling key problems. The NEA-cytoplasmic male sterility and its restorer line in Brassica napus L. bred by the authors were used. Testcrossing, backcrossing, selfing, crossing, quality-selecting, fertility-identifying, resistance-selecting and Strain-yield-compar- ing were the main methods. Chuanyou No.58, a double-low and high-yield NEA-CMS rapeseed hybrid （Brassica napus L.）, was developed from JA1 （double-low NEA-CMS system） × JR2 （a double-low restorer）. JA1, whose sterile pollens per flower, sterile flowers per plant and sterile plants per group were all 100%, was differ from Pol.CMS, the main type of male sterile cytoplasm for rapeseed hybrid, due to the stable and thorough and never influenced by environment factors male sterility. Crossing fruitfulness of JA1 was very high. JR2, a NEA-restorer, was strong-restoring, pollen-plenty and easy-pollinating. F1- seed production technology of Chuanyou No.58 was uncomplicated. Chuanyou No.58 showed great hybrid superiority. The cultivar possessed the characteristics of desired agronomic quality, double-low, high yield, high oil content, early maturity, wide adaptability and acceptable resistance （tolerance） to virus and S. sclerotiorum. It was released by Sichuan Crop Variety Approval Committee in October, 2005. The high-uniformity of hybrid-seed and the coordination of high-yield and double-low and disease-resistance were succeeded, due to the double-low three-line system of NEA and its restorers.