美国水文地质调查发展历程及启示

HISTORY AND ILLUMINATION OF HYDROGEOLOGICAL SURVEY IN THE UNITES STATES

美国水文地质调查经历了100多年的发展,在该领域长期居于国际领先地位,影响和引导了国际水文地质学的发展方向。本文通过梳理美国水文地质调查发展的主要脉络,揭示了美国经济社会发展和水文地质调查之间的内在关系,总结了不同经济社会发展阶段水文地质调查的发展特点。在分析美国水文地质调查发展正反两方面经验的基础上,提出了对我国水文地质调查工作的启示:把握经济社会需求,推进水文地质调查基础工作;加强地下水保护,遏制地下水环境恶化趋势;加快有害废物地质隔离和地下水污染治理技术的研究;建立高效的调查成果服务机制;推进地下水资源和地表水资源一体调查。

The hydrogeologieal survey in the Unite States with a history of more than one hundred years is playing a leading role in the world for a long time. This paper reviews the history of hydrogeological survey in the United States, summarizes the hydrogeological features at different social-economic development stages, and presents an illumination for China＇ s hydrogeological survey based on the American experience： （ 1 ） to clarify the needs of society and economy and to accelerate the hydrogeological survey, （2） to enhance in preventing the underground water from being polluted, （3） to strengthen the geological isolation of deleterious materials and to improve the technology in treating with the polluted underwater, （4） to establish an efficient public service system for survey achievements, and （5） to promote integrated survey of ground water and surface water resources.