中国水仙的核型分析和小孢子发生中的细胞学研究

Karyotype Analysis and Cytological Study during Microsporogenesis of Narcissus tazetta var chinensis

中国水仙(Narcissustazettavar.chinensis)只开花不结实,以鳞茎营养繁殖。对中国水仙的染色体倍性有不同的报道。对中国水仙的核型分析,支持它是三倍体的观点,但其核型也显示出了异源三倍体的倾向。在小孢子母细胞减数分裂过程中,染色体的异常行为多表现为:中期出现单个染色体游离在纺锤体外面、在后期出现的染色体桥和落后染色体、在末期出现的单个染色体游离在细胞核外形成微核的现象。这些异常现象引起小孢子的败育,也支持中国水仙为三倍体植物的观点。

Chinese narcissus （Narcissus tazetta var. chinese Roem.） only blooms without seeds and it propagates using its bulbs. There were some different reports for its karyotype. Our result of karyotype analysis supports the viewpoint that Chinese narcissus belongs to triploid plant, and the karyotype leans to a heterogeneous triploid. During the meiosis of microspore mother cells （MMC）, the most cells display abnormal chromosomes： some chromosomes moved out of the spindle of the cell at metaphase; some chromosome bridges and lagging ones were formed at anaphase; and many microspores displayed the micronucleus at the telophase. The abnormality of chromosomes during MMC meiosis may induce microspore abortion during its development.