英国养老保险的市场化改革及其对中国的启示

The Market-oriented Reform of Endowment Insurance in UK and Its Revelation to China

在人口老龄化和经济萧条的双重压力下,英国作为福利国家的传统养老保险体制面临着严峻的挑战。由此,英国政府直面压力和挑战积极推行了养老保险的市场化改革。通过改革,既减轻了政府的财政负担,又激发了劳动力市场的灵活性,还提高了居民的储蓄倾向。英国养老保险体制的改革对于我国在养老保险改革的进程中,界定政府与市场之间、政府与企业的责任,发挥个人参保的积极性,稳定宏观经济的发展具有重要的借鉴意义。

Under the pressures of aging population and economic depression, the traditional endowment insurance system of UK, which is a welfare society, is facing severe challenges. To face the pressures and challenges, the British government actively pushes forward the market - oriented endowment insurance reform. This article briefly illustrates the reform process of market- oriented endowment insurance system of UK, and analyzes the characteristics of the reform. The reform lightens the financial burden of the government, inspires the flexibility of the labor market, and increases the saving tendency of inhabitants. The reform of British endowment insurance system is a very good model for Chinese government to define the responsibility among government, market and enterprises, to increase the insured inhabitants, and to steady the macroeconomic development.