近现代(实践)哲学的物性与人性的对立——对当代生活意义缺失的一种追问

The Conflicts between the Materialized Substantiality and Humanity in Modern Philosophy

一些现代西方学者认为,当代生活意义缺失的一个重要原因是当代社会的工具理性的膨胀发展。造成这种社会精神状况的一个重要的思想根源是:西方传统观念中的主体和客体二元对立的思维方式把事物的价值意义仅仅归结为作为绝对主体的人,而忽视自在自然或“人化自然”所具有的价值意义,如柏拉图的理念论、亚里士多德的质料形式说、康德的绝对先验理性、费希特的自我和非我的关系说、黑格尔的绝对理念以及胡塞尔的现象学等。而马克思的实践哲学认为,整个社会实践,包括道德、语言交往和生产劳动,都是主体和主体之间,主体和客体之间的相互融合和渗透,因而都是相对的主体和客体,语言交往根源于生产劳动,二者共同创造了“人化的自然”和“自然化的人”,从而成为生活世界意义的最终来源。

Some western scholars argue that the lack of life significance is essentially due to the inllation of the tool logos. An important source that has caused such a spiritual situation of the society is that in the western philosophical tradition, the thinking mode of the antitheses of the duality （subject and the object） attributes the value significance of things only to bum,m, the absolute subject, ignores the value of the Nature itself or the ＂civilized nature＂, such as Plato＇s ＂Theory of Ideas＂, Aristotle＇s ＂Theory of Material Formalization＂, etc. Comparatively, Marxist practice philosophy holds that all the social practice, including moral sense, language communication, and production, are characterized as the mutual amalgamation and pervasion; these are actually paired subject and object. So language communication results in labor production, and both lan- gnage and production have created ＂humanized/civilized nature＂ and ＂naturalized man＂. These are the real sources where the significance of the earthly world.