基于数量的供应商管理库存整合补货的牛鞭效应与成本研究

System cost & bullwhip effect in quantity-based VMI consolidation replenishment system

为研究在基于数量的供应商管理库存整合补货模式下,经济补货数量对两级供应链系统的牛鞭效应和系统成本的影响,以及牛鞭效应与成本的关系,利用系统动力学的方法构建了该模式的动态仿真模型。通过仿真,定量研究了基于数量的供应商管理库存整合补货模式中,供应商对随机流需求输入的订单响应率波动及系统成本的变化,并通过二次函数的回归分析探讨了牛鞭效应与系统成本之间的数学关系。结果显示,系统成本与牛鞭效应之间是一种二次凹函数的关系,可以找到一个合适的经济补货数量,实现供应链系统成本与牛鞭效应的协调优化控制。

To discuss the effect of an economic replenishment quantity on the bullwhip effect and the system cost in a two--level supply chain with Quantity-based Consolidation Replenishment policy for Vendor Managed Inventory （QCR--VMI）, its causal loop diagram and system dynamics model were developed based on the analysis of the process and the mechanism of a QCR-- VMI supply chain. The system cost and the dynamic responses of order in a QCR--VMI supply chain were quantitatively studied and proposed through the dynamic simulations under a random demand. Then, the relationship between the system cost and the bullwhip effect was quantitatively studied and proposed through the regression of quadratic function. The results showed that the bullwhip effect in a QCR--VMI system was becoming more and more evident as the economic replenishment quantity was getting larger. However, it was yet found that the relationship was a kind of concave function in a QCR-- VMI system, which made it possible to find an optimal economic replenishment quantity that enabled the collaborative control between system cost and bullwhip effect in supply chain.