核废料中裂变产生的铂族金属(FPs)的开发、应用和发展

Exploitation,Application and Development of Fission-Generated Platinum Precious Metals (FPs) in Nuclear Waste

在核废料中存在大量的由核裂变反应产生的铂族金属(FPs:包括Ru,Rh和Pd)。目前全世界的核废料中FPs的总量可以和自然界储量相比拟,并且随时间推移FPs的总量还会增加。未来FPs将是铂族金属的一个重要资源。本文介绍了FPs在核废料中的存在形式以及常见提取方法。详细给出了FPs中各种核素的放射性质,阐述了开发和利用FPs的基本观点、方法和思路。介绍了FPs在核工业和高纯氢气制造上的应用,以及其它潜在的FPs应用领域。

These is a lot of platinum precious metals （FPs） in the spent nuclear waste, such as Ru, Rh, and Pd. This FPs were generated through nuclear fission reaction in nuclear power reactor. Now in the worldwide, the quantity of FPs in the spent nuclear waste is no less than quantity of precious metals resource in the nature. This number of FPs will continue to increase. In the future, the FPs will be the important resource for precious metals. In this paper, methods of extraction and sate of FPs in the nuclear waste were introduced. The radioactive properties of every species of FPs were all listed. Viewpoints and methods about how to apply and develop the FPs were given in this paper. The applications of FPs in nuclear technology and high purity hydrogen gas production were intruduced, and other potential utilizations of FPs were presented.