酿酒葡萄品质评价及其对气象条件的响应

The quality evaluation of wine grape and its respond to weather condition

根据2004～2005年我国北方6省酿酒葡萄主要产区葡萄取样和宁夏芦花台园艺场田间试验葡萄化验结果，运用层次分析方法（AHP）对酿酒葡萄主要品质因子总糖、糖酸比pH、单宁进行综合评价，运用主成分分析方法和因子分析法研究影响每个地区酿酒葡萄综合品质的主要气象因子和影响时段。结果表明：2004～2005年贺兰山东麓的御马、玉泉营、广夏三基地、贺东在庄园；河西走廊的高台、武威；新疆石河子酿酒葡萄品质优良，渤海湾的烟台、蓬莱、昌藜等地酿酒葡萄品质表现一般。酿酒葡萄综合品质主要受果实着色期、全生育期和7～8月的降水量和水热系数的影响，其中降水量起主导作用。果实着色期气温日较差和全生育期平均相对湿度对酿酒葡萄综合品质的形成也有重要影响，影响相对较小的是果实着色期的最低气温。采样地区的光照、温度等气象条件基本适宜酿酒葡萄品质形成，对优质酿酒葡萄形成没有大的限制作用。

Wine grape was sampled from six provinces and autonomous regions in China between 2004 --2005. We applied the analytical hierarchy process （AHP） method to evaluate main influences of weather factors on the quality of wine grape in each sites. Main quality factors included in this study were total sugar, the ratio of sugar and acidity, pH, and tannin. The results showed that the quality of wine grape were higher in Yuma, Yuquanying, the Third of Guangxia and Hedong vineyard in east foot of Helan mountain, Gaotai county, Wuwei city in Hexi corridor, and Shihezi city in Xinjiang than that in Yantai, Penlai and Changli in Bohai gulf. The mainly climatic factors impacting the quality of wine grape were precipitation and water-heat coefficient during July August when wine grape was in veraison, but precipitation played a more important role in affecting the quality of wine grape than water-heat coefficient. The diurnal range of temperature during veraison and mean air humidity during growing season regulated the quality of wine grape as well. In addition, mean minimum temperature was not significant compared with other climatic factors. Sunshine and heat in the six sampling sites were suitable for high quality of wine grape.