现象学:一种可资传播学借鉴的哲学方法

Phenomenology:A Philosophic Method which Can Be Used in Communication Research

长期以来,在实证学派和批判学派统治传播学研究的背景下,经验方法和思辨方法一直是两大传统的传播学研究方法,而在方法论上独立于这两大传统方法之外的现象学方法作为一种基本的哲学方法,虽被广泛运用于人文社会科学乃至自然科学领域,但却始终未能在传播学研究中获得应有的关注。本文在对现象学方法加以介绍并阐明其“本质直观”思想的基础上,通过比较,认为现象学方法在某种意义上实现了对经验方法和思辨方法的超越,尤其有助于解决后二者无法妥善处理的“个别”与“一般”、“现象”与“本质”的关系问题,因此理当引起我们的高度重视而被借鉴到传播学研究中来。

In the background of empirical school and critical school＇ s occupying a dominant position in communication research, empirical method and deductive method are the two traditional methods of communication research. But as a basic philosophic method, phenomenological method has not been paid enough attention in communication research all along, even though it has been widely used in social science and natural science. On the foundation of introducing seeing of an essence, the author considers that in a sense, phenomenological method transcends empirical method and deductive method, especially contributes to solve the problem of the relationship between individuality and generality, phenomenon and essence, so it should be paid enough attention and used in communication research.