火车旅客免疫规划知识知晓情况调查

Study on knowledge of expanded program on immunization (EPI) for train passengers

目的了解公众对免疫规划知识的知晓情况,为今后制定有效的传播策略提供依据。方法在北京西客站随机抽取1180名乘客,采用问卷调查方法调查公众免疫规划知识的知晓情况。结果接受调查的乘客中,87.6%的人认为打预防针/吃糖丸对小孩有好处,61.0%的人知道国家免疫规划疫苗是免费的,能够全部说出5种免疫规划疫苗的占32.1%;知道儿童出生后24小时内应接种乙肝疫苗的占44.2%。知道出生后1天内要接种卡介苗疫苗的占21.0%。39.0%的调查对象知道接种第一针疫苗后建立预防接种证。64.0%的调查对象知道“接种证需要保留到上小学;60%的对象知道入学、入托时要查验预防接种证。结论公众缺乏免疫规划的基本知识是导致免疫规划疫苗接种率低的主要原因之一。文化程度与免疫规划知识的掌握情况有一定关系。在今后的工作中,要加大对文化水平相对较低人群的宣传力度,提高该人群的疾病规划知识知晓率。

Objective To provide evidence for developing the effective communication strategies through knowing the status of mass EPI knowledge. Methods 1180 passengers who took the train from Beijing western railway station were selected by random. Survey was conducted by questionnaire. Results Among the passengers who answered the questionnaire, 87.6 % people thought that it was good for children＇s health to administer vaccines; 61.0 % people knew EPI vaccines were free, 32.1% people could correctly named the EPI vaccines; 44.2% people knew that newhom should administer the 1st dose hepatitis B vaccine within 24 hours after delivery; 21.0% people knew newhorn should inject BCG vaccine in one day after delivery; 39.0% people knew that immunization certificate should be set up after 1st dose vaccine administered; 64.0% people knew that the immunization certificate should not be kept until enrollment of primary school; 60.0% people knew that examination of immunization certificate will be made when entering the primary school. Conclusion It is one of the main causes of low coverage rate due to lack of the basic EPI knowledge for mass. School age affects the people to get EPI knowledge. It is necessary to strengthen the publicity to the illiteracy in the future so that to improve their EPI knowledge.