伊凡四世司法改革初探——兼论《1550年法典》

Ivan IV's Judicatory Reform and Preliminary Exploration of 1550 Corpus Juris

1547年6月伊凡四世授意,“重臣拉达”着手国内司法改革,其主要成果是《1550年法典》及其后一系列法规的制定实施。此次改革对君主、世袭领主、修道院、封地贵族、地方行政长官、农奴等各方的经济关系和行政隶属关系做出重新梳理和调整。《法典》的核心思想是打击、限制世袭领主和修道院势力,扶植封地中小贵族这支亲沙皇的新生政治力量,以树立首代沙皇的权威。

In June 1547, Ivan IV incited the significant official to carry out the domestic reform and its main production was 1550 Corpus Juris and the establishment and actualization of a series of successive regulations and rides. In this reform, the economic relations and administration subjection relations among monarch, hereditary seignior, abbey, feudatory aristocrat, local administrators, and were rehackled and adjusted. The essence of the 1550 Corpus Juris was to strike and limit the forces of the hereditary seignior and abbey, to prop up the small and medium feudatory aristocrat which supported Czar as a new - born political force, and therefore to build up the first - generation Czar＇s authority.