章马合论——章太炎、马一浮两先生所论国学之比较

Zhang Taiyan and Ma yifu—A Comparative Study of Their Views on Chinese Learning

章太炎与马一浮,都是公认的国学大师,长期讲说国学,影响深远。但二君为学旨趣不同,对国学之理解及其讲说国学之目的亦各不同。章先生论国学,以小学为门径,以玄理为终极,分说经史子集,而归宗于佛法;马先生则以国学为六艺之学,又以六艺摄于一心,一切学术摄归六艺。二者取途互异章先生为古文经学家立场,以孔子为良史,以讲说国学为保存国故,旨在激扬种性;马先生为宋明理学家路数,欲得孔子之用心,而复人人本然之善性,故以讲说国学为昌大人学之机。二者精神又异章先生归宗佛学,谓孔老庄颜合乎佛说;马先生援佛入儒,虽用佛家名相及解义方法,而以儒正佛。二人宗旨更是不同。透过分疏衡较,恰好可以看出民国初年有关国学研究之复杂性。

Zhang Taiyan and Ma Yifu were distinguished masters of Chinese learning. However, they two had different research interests and their understanding and interpretations of Chinese learning were different, too. Zhang Taiyan chose metaphysics as his ultimate destination by relating to ancient classics and returning to Buddhist law. Ma Yifu started from the learning of six arts and intergrated all scholarship into six arts by seeing it the content and core of Chinese learning. With regard to their different approaches, Zhang Taiyan, based on the study of th classics, held the positon that Chinese learning was to preserve the essence of Chinese culture and protect the Chinese identity, while Ma Yifu, adopting the Confucian principle of idealist philosophy of the Song and Ming Dynasties, emphasized the revival of humanity and regarded Chinese learning to promote human cultivation. Different in spirit and purpose, their academic approaches reflected the complicacy of Chinese learning studies in the early years of the Republic of China.