马一浮以儒融佛与调停朱陆之说评析

Ma Yifu's Theory of Integrating Buddhism into Confucianism and His Attitude towards the Dispute between Zhulu' School

马一浮哲学和学术思想的特点,是以儒家的易简思想为核心,主张以佛证儒、以儒融佛,以及对宋明儒学的程朱和陆王的理学与心学之间的矛盾提出调停之说。马一浮在对待儒佛的思想关系上,跳出了宋明儒学划定的儒佛壁垒。马一浮以儒融佛和调停朱陆之说,既是宋明思想的延伸,也是对宋明思想的超越。而他的思想的根本方法和出发点是“不分今古,不分汉宋,不分朱陆”,表明他要跨越两千年汉宋之争以及数百年朱陆纷争的藩篱,破除历史上的一切宗派门户之见,反映了他关于整个中国传统文化的根本性看法,以及关于现代儒学重建或复兴的根本性态度。从他的这种看法及态度中可以得出结论马一浮阐述的儒家思想虽然十分传统,但是他对于儒家思想的观念和态度包括他的以儒融佛和调停朱陆甚至朱王的思想,却是超越历史的及非常现代的。马一浮心目中的中国文化的重建和儒学的现代复兴,归根结底,就是要摆脱历史的种种纠葛,放下历史的种种包袱,直接孔孟儒学的真谛。

Ma Yifu＇s philosophy and academic thoughts, centered on Confucianism, advocates that Confucianism is justified through Buddhism and integrated Buddhism, which provides a balance for the contradiction between Chengzhu＇s Confucian School of the Song and Ming Dynasties and Zhuwang＇s Confucian School of idealist and mind philosophy. The integration of Buddhism in Confucianism is a research topic for the Confucian School of the Song and Ming Dynasties, of which the dispute between Zhulu and Zhuwang＇s school reflected the problem and features. Ma Yifu, in discussing the relationship between Confucianism and Buddhism, went beyond the limitation of these two philosophies. His theory was an extension of the philosophical thinking, by which his approach or departure point can be explicitly paraphrased as ＂no division between anient and present, between Song and Ming and between Zhu and Lu＂. This indicates that Ma Yifu tried to surpass the longtime historical dispute or barrier, which represented his fundamental viewpoints on Chinese traditional culture as well as his attitude towards the reconstruction or revival of modern confucianism. In conclusion, His interpretation of Confucianism is very traditional, but his concept and attitude is quite modern. In his view, the reconstruction of Chinese culture and modem revival Confucianism, above all, is to seek the truth of Confucianism by putting aside various historical diputes or.