诗人与君王——从《裘力斯·凯撒》看莎士比亚的政治智慧

The Poet and The King—Shakespeare's Political Wisdom from His Julius Caesar

莎士比亚的名剧《裘力斯·凯撒》不仅具有高超的艺术成就,而且展示了丰富的政治智慧。莎士比亚首先暗示凯撒从“人”到“神”的变化对其人格和罗马政局产生了可怕的影响。由于凯撒的政治业绩和实现手段亦正亦邪、伟大而又危险,所以由两位“高尚的罗马公民”勃鲁托斯和凯歇斯所代表的反独裁事业是必要和值得赞扬的。但他们政治上的天真和策略上的轻率却让刺杀凯撒的政治目的惨遭失败。莎士比亚因此强调“城邦”大都是高尚人格与低俗人性的混合体,政治家必须懂得如何让普遍的道德和原则在现实中更易实施。

Shakespeare＇s play Julius Caesar not only achieved his artistic attainments but also represented his great political wis- dom. In his play, Shakespeare first gave the hint that the change of Caesar from a ＂man＂ to a ＂God＂ had a fearing impact upon his characters and Roman political situation. Since Caesar＇s political success was achieved by a series of artifices in both just and underhand, great and dangerous ways, Brutus and Cassius, two ＂noble citizens＂, were praiseworthy their necessary fight against Caesar＇s tyranny. However, their political naiveness and indiscreet strategy led to the failure of their political goal n murdering Caesar. Shakepeare, therefore, emphasized that ＂state＂ was often a mixture of high charcters and low humanity and politicians hsould understand the better realistic practice of universal ethics and principles.