北方粳稻稻米品质性状的遗传效应分析

Research on Genetic Effect of Quality Characters of Japorica Rice in North China

选用6个品质性状差异较大的粳稻品种(系)作亲本,配制36个组合,采用胚、胚乳、细胞质、母体植株等4套遗传体系的禾本科作物种子数量性状遗传模型和相应的统计方法,分析了稻米7个品质性状的遗传力、遗传方差、选择响应等。结果表明:稻米的7个品质性状均不同程度地受二倍体胚基因、三倍体胚乳基因、母体植株核基因和细胞质基因等遗传体系的控制;在选择育种中,利用某一遗传体系对某一品质性状的遗传效应,有可能减弱另一遗传体系对该品质性状的遗传效应贡献;稻米品质性状均具有极显著的胚乳狭义遗传力和选择响应、显著的细胞质遗传力和选择响应(蛋白质除外)。

six varieties with distinctly different quality characters were chosen as parents, and thirty-six combinations were made. The quantitive characters, genetic model and their corresponding statistical method of seeds of gramineous crops of four genetic systems including embryos, endosperms, cytoplasm and matrix plants were used to analyze the genetic variance of heritability and selection responsibihty of seven quality characters. The result indicated that seven quality characters were influenced more or less by such genetic systems as duploid embryo gene, triploid embryo gene, the nucleus gene of matrix plants and cytoplasm gene. In the process of breeding selection, the use of genetic effect of one genetic system on characters of the other one would probably weaken the contribution of the third one to the first one. Every quality character of japorica rice except protein has extremely significant distinct narrow endosperm heritability and selection response, and distinct cytoplasm heritability and selection response.