南海、渤海鱼类简单异尖线虫幼虫感染的调查

INVESTIGATION ON ANISAKIS SIMPLEX LARVAE INFESTATION IN MARINE FISHES FROM SOUTH CHINA SEA AND BOHAI SEA

目的：为了解我国南海、渤海各种鱼类中人体异尖线虫病的主要致病原——简单异尖线虫幼虫的感染状况而进行本调查。方法：取南海８８个鱼种３８９尾、渤海２０个鱼种４７１尾，分别测定体长及体重后解剖鱼体进行检查。检获的虫体清洁后用７０％酒精固定，用甘油酒精透明，在显微镜下鉴定。结果：南海部分检获幼虫的鱼种占被检鱼种数的６０．２％（５３／８８），阳性鱼种检得幼虫者占阳性鱼种的５３．６％（１４２／２６５），占所检鱼总尾数的３６．５％（１４２／３８９）；渤海部分检出幼虫的１１个鱼种占所检鱼种的５５％（１１／２０），阳性鱼种总检鱼数３７８尾中，检得幼虫者占阳性鱼种５０．５％（１９１／３７８），占所检鱼总尾数的４０．５％（１９１／４７１）。结论：两个海域中鱼类简单异尖线虫幼虫的感染率都相当高，因此凡生食本文所列的阳性海鱼时，不应疏忽对异尖线虫病的预防。以上在流行病学和食品卫生方面均有重要意义。

AIM:An investigation of Anisakis simplex larvae, the most important causative agent of anisakiasis, in marine fishes caught in South China Sea and also in Bohai Sea was carried out in order to detect their infectivity. METHOD:The fishes were measured for their body weights and lengths and were dissected to detect Anisakis larvae. The collected larvae were fixed with 70% ethanol solution and cleared as usual with a 70% ethanol/glycerine mixture. The morphological features of the larvae were observed and identified microscopically. RESULTS:Among all species examined, 53 out of 88 species (60.2%) were positive for Anisakis simplex larvae in South China Sea, while 11 out of 20 species (55.0%) in Bohai Sea. The infection rates of 53 positive species in the former were 36.5%(142/389) and that of 11 positive species in the latter, 40.5%(191/471). CONCLUSION:The high parasitization rate of Anisakis simplex larvae in fishes warns us against the great risk of anisakiasis by eating raw fishes.