重金属污染对昆虫生长发育的影响

Effects of heavy metal pollution on insects

重金属污染已经成为一个全球性的环境问题,对生物多样性和人类健康构成了严重威胁。作为全球生物多样性的重要组成部分,昆虫因重金属污染而受到的潜在影响同样引起了人们的普遍关注。过量重金属可对昆虫的生长发育产生影响。环境中的重金属可通过昆虫的呼吸、表皮和摄食等途径进入昆虫体内,进入昆虫体内的过量重金属不仅能引起昆虫细胞超微结构的变化和遗传物质的改变,还可诱导昆虫细胞凋亡并影响细胞的活力和增殖。但昆虫能将过量的重金属以金属颗粒形式储存在具消化、存储或分泌功能的器官中,也能将其转运至溶酶体中解毒。同时,金属结合蛋白和抗氧化酶在昆虫对重金属的解毒过程中具有重要作用。

Heavy metal pollution has become a global environmental problem and severely threatened the biological diversity and people＇s health. More and more attention has been paid to the potential effects of heavy metal pollution on insects as one of the important groups of global biological diversity. The accumulation of heavy metals in insects may influence their development. It has been demonstrated that insects could be contaminated by respiration, ion absorbing through integument and food intake. Excessive metal accumulation in insects could not only cause cell ultrastructure variations and genetic homeostasis alteration, but also induce cell apoptosis and influence cell viability and proliferation. But, heavy metals can be stored in insect organs with digestive, storage or excretory function in form of ＂granules＂, and be transported into lysosomes to detoxify. Moreover, metallothionein and antioxidant enzymes also play important roles in the process of detoxification.