不同造模方法的病毒性面神经麻痹动物模型比较

Comparative study of several methods for producing experimental animal model of viral facial palsy

目的：比较不同方法建立的单纯疱疹病毒1型（HSV-1）感染性面神经麻痹（面瘫）的动物模型，以选择发病率高、较稳定的造模方法。方法：Balb／c小鼠120只，分为4组，每组30只。A组：切断右侧面神经耳后支，于神经断端接种25plHSV-1病毒液；B组：右侧耳廓背面皮肤划痕接种25ul HSV-1病毒液；C组：右侧耳廓背面皮下注射25ul HSV-1病毒液；D组：右侧耳后皮下注射100ul HSV-1病毒液。观察小鼠双侧面部运动的对称性和全身情况，比较各组间面瘫发生率和动物死亡率。对面瘫鼠行颞骨连续切片苏木精-伊红染色。结果：A组13只出现右侧面瘫（43．33％），持续3～7d恢复，死亡0只；B组6只出现右侧面瘫（20％），持续2～9d恢复，死亡0只；C组没有动物出现面瘫或死亡；D组1只出现右侧面瘫（3．33％），持续6d恢复，死亡12只（40％）。颞骨连续切片显示面瘫鼠右侧面神经肿胀、神经周围间隙变小，面神经横截面积／面神经管横截面积的比值变大。结论：经面神经耳后支接种HSV-1可以引起小鼠暂时性面瘫，和其他接种方法相比，面瘫发生率较高，死亡少，造模可靠。

Objective：To select the optimal method for developing experimental animal model of viral facial paralysis by comparing several inoculation methods. Method：One hundred and twenty Bal b/c mice were divided into 4 groups, with each group having 30 mice. Group A, the posterior auricular branch of right facial nerve were incised and inoculated with 25 ul HSV-1; group B, 25 ul HSV-1 were inoculated into the posterior aspect of the right auricle by cutaneous scarification; group C, 25 ul HSV-1 were injected into subcutaneous tissue of the posterior aspect of the right auricle; group D, 100 ul HSV-1 were inoculated in the way similar to that of group C. The symmetry of mouse face was observed,and the incidence of paralysis and death were analyzed. The temporal bones of paralyzed mice were serially sectioned and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Result：Thirteen （43.33 %） mice developed the right facial paralysis and recovered from it 3-7 days later in group A. Six （20 %） mice developed the paralysis and recovered from it 2-9 days later in group B. Group C had no signs of facial paralysis and group D had 1 paralyzed animal. Except for 12 mice in group D, there was no death in the other groups. Nerve swelling was observed in right temporal facial nerve of paralyzed mice. Facial nerve to facial canal cross-sectional area ratio （FN/FC） of the right side was much higher than that of the left side. Conclusion：Inoculating HSV-1 into the posterior auricular branch of facial nerve can produce an acute and transient facial paralysis in mice. With the advantage of higher morbidity of facial paralysis and lower mortality in comparison to the other methods, it is an optimal method.