产业集群发展中非正式制度的作用与变迁——以广东南庄镇建陶产业集群为例

On the Functions and Changes of Informal Institutions in Industrial Clusters——A Case Study of the Ceramic Cluster in Nanzhuang Town,Guangdong Province

非正式制度是在人们长期交往中形成的,由伦理规范、风俗习惯、价值观等构成,它在产业集群发展中所扮演的角色经历了一个动态变迁过程。从对广东南庄镇建陶产业集群的变迁考察可见,在市场发展早期要素市场缺失的情况下,非正式制度对产业集群中企业家的出现和要素资源的聚集发挥了巨大作用。但随着市场经济的发展,产业集群中的人格化交易逐步被匿名的市场交易所替代,非正式制度治理经济交易的功能受到了严重削弱,并逐渐被正式制度所替代。

Informal institutions, including ethics, conventions and values, are formed in the interactions between individuals over a long time. The role played by informal institutions in the development of industrial clusters has experienced a process of dynamic change, which can be seen from the case study of the Ceramic Cluster in Nanzhuang Town. In the early stage of marketization which were without factor markets, informal institutions played a very important role in choosing entrepreneurs for industrial clusters and collecting scarce resources. With the development of market economy, however, a lot of personified transactions within industrial clusters were substituted by anonymous market transactions, which means informal institutions＇ function of regulating business deal was substantially weakened. Gradually, informal contracts related to local community were replaced by formal contracts governed by independent law systems in business activities.