表将来的“将”和“要”语法分析

A Grammatical Analysis of "将"(jiang) and "要"(yao) in Chinese

现代汉语除直接用时间名词、时间结构表示将来时态外,还常用“将”、“要”等虚词来限定动词以表明将行事态。“将”、“要”是表将来时制的专用语法标记,它们有固定的句法格式及相关格式,虽然“将”、“要”在句中的句法功能基本相同(充当状语),但二者有明显的句法差异:否定式不同;修饰限制的结构成分不完全相同;出现位置不完全相同等。此外,“将”、“要”同动态助词“了、着、过”有一定的和关系共现规律。

Apart from the ways of expressing future tense by using time nouns and time structure, modem Chinese can also express future tense by using such function words as＂将＂（jiang） and ＂要＂（yao） to indicate the future situation. adverbials）, they also have conspicuous syntax differences. By analyzing the differences between them, we come to a better understanding of the future tense expression in Chinese.