试论社会学方法论的统一前景——从主流社会学危机及其解决的视角

From the angles of the resolution to the crisis of the mainstream sociology

解决社会学危机的努力表现为两条进路:一条是实证主义内部的更新改造,一条是理解主义和批判主义对实证主义的批判。后实证主义解决了经验环境与形而上学环境联结的问题,理解主义和批判主义提供了解决“价值无涉”与“价值关涉”矛盾的可能,而三大主义又都要求以经验实证为基础。因此,社会学方法论在这样的相互需要下统一起来势所必然。

For the solution of sociological crisis, there are two ways. One is the regeneration and reconstruction within positivism, and the other is the criticizing positivism of comprehensiveness and criticism. While post-positivism accounts for the connection between empirical environment and metaphysical environment, comprehensiveness and criticism make it possible to solve the contradiction between ＂value free＂ and ＂reference to values＂. But all of the three isms call for the basis of empirical evidence. Therefore, it is inevitable for sociological methodologies to converge under such a mutually needed relationship.