信用与信用制度的演变

Credit and Credit System Evolution

信用,按其含义和所涵盖的内容,可划分为三个层次:金融信贷层面的信用;社会经济层面的信用;道德伦理层面的信用。经济发展水平决定了信用发展的阶段性,信用经历了三个发展阶段:局部区域的诚实守信为主的阶段;跨区域的不诚信为主的阶段;全社会范围的诚实守信为主的阶段。信用制度是对信用现象的规范和制约,它的演进经历了三个逐渐递进的阶段:人伦信用制度阶段、契约信用制度阶段和社会契约信用制度阶段。我国现实经济发展的非均质性决定了信用制度建设的区域性,把信用与信用制度演变的阶段性与我国现实经济发展的非均质性特征相结合,导出我国信用制度建设的三种模式:滞后模式、跨越式模式和平行模式。

Credit, according to its implication and content, can divide to three levels： credit for the finance, credit in social economy; and credit for the morality ethics. Economic development decides the credit development. Credit has experienced three developing stages： the stage of honesty and trustworthiness within a certain area, the stage of no sincere message across areas, and the stage of honesty and trustworthiness over the entire society. Credit system has been a norm and restraint to credit phenomenon, its evolution has experienced three gradually developing stages： the stage of human relations credit system, the stage of contract credit system and the stage of social contract credit system. As China is not a homogeneity of real economic growth, our credit formulating essential rules and regulations are regional. Combining the stages of credit and credit system evolution with the fact of China not being a homogeneity characteristic of real economic growth can derive three patterns for China＇s credit system formulating： lagging behind, great-leap-forward and equal rank.