大学新生适应问题与教育干预模式探讨

Freshman's Adaptation Through Educational Intervention

大学新生普遍存在“新生综合征”,在心理学上表现为认知、行为、情绪三方面问题。“新生综合征”本质上是个体原有认知结构和行为模式不能应对新环境而带来的一系列混乱。认知结构和行为模式具有生物学意义上的稳定性,不是简单的“说教”所能改变的。新生适应教育的真正出路在于如何把经验教育化,然后通过教育化的经验改变认知和行为,诸如发展心理学教育,进行“尝试错误”、“心理成熟”和灵活看世界等认知改变训练,在行为上进行“学习行为”、“人际行为”、“做事行为”的训练等。

Freshmen are generally ill at ease with the new circumstances where they begin living and learning in an unfamiliar and inadaptable way, i.e., the ＂freshman syndrome＂. Psychologically the syndrome manifests itself from three aspects： cognition, behavior and emotion, and the reason is essentially the mental perplexity that is unable to respond well to the new circumstances because the individual freshman＇s cognitive structure and behavioral mode are both out-of-date. In this regard giving simply a ＂sermon＂ to those freshmen is ineffective at changing their original cognitive structure and behavioral mode, since both are stable naturally. The effective way to enable freshmen to adapt themselves quickly to the college life/study rests with the process to make their own experience educational, thus changing their cognition and behavior through education. They need the education of developmental psychology, including ＂mistake trying＂, ＂to be mentally mature＂ and other cognition training to enable them to take a flexible view of the world. With respect to the behavioral training, it involves what should be well doing in learning, interpersonal relation and the thing to cope with.