叶适“德艺兼成”的诗学思想初探

A Tentative Study on Ye Shi's Poetic Thought of Equal Emphasis on both Moral Education and Artistic Expression

叶适论诗,主张“德艺兼成”,他将《诗经》作为“诗德”的典范,而以唐诗为“诗艺”的楷模。叶适所尊崇的《诗经》的“中和”风度和藉物寓意手法,可以作为诗歌的两个审美标准,而四灵以晚唐为法,这两方面的美学追求契合了叶适的诗学理想。但随着叶适晚年经世致用思想的成熟,他又倾向于将诗“德”作为比诗“艺”更高的诗学要求,故而对一味精求诗艺的四灵亦有所不满。

When discussing poetry, Ye Shi held that the moral education and the artistic expression should be equally emphasized. He argued that The Book of Poetry was a perfect example of the moral education of poetry, and the poetry in Tang Dynasty was a perfect example of the artistic expression of poetry. He cherished the style of Zhong - he in The Book of Poetry and the technique of expressing one＇ s thought by commenting on things around, which could be two aesthetic criteria of poetry. So, when Yongjia Siling, four poets at Yongjia, followed the style of late Tang Dynasty, whose aesthetic pursuit was in accordance with Ye Shi＇s poetic ideal, Ye Shi liked their poetry greatly. However, in his later years, with the development of Ye Shi＇s thought that one should put into practice things one had mastered, he inclined to think that the moral education of poetry was superior to the artistic expression of it. Thus he criticized Siling for their devotion to polishing the artistic expression of poetry.