清前期天主教政策及其对江南传教的影响

Imperial Policies on Catholicism in Early Qing Dynasty and Its Influence on Mission in Southern Part of theYangtze River

清朝前期,顺治、康熙、雍正、乾隆四位皇帝对天主教分别采取不同的政策,总的趋势是由宽容逐渐转向禁教。江南作为天主教在华传播较为兴盛的区域之一,统治者政策的变化显然对它造成一定影响。而清政府对天主教政策多变,与当时国内、国际形势密切相关,因为任何一种外来宗教的存在,必须以不危及统治者利益为前提,以适应本土文化为策略。

In the early Qing Dynasty, Emperor Shunzhi, Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong adopted different policies on Catholicism. The general trend was moving from ＂tolerance＂ to ＂prohibition＂. The change of the rulers＇ policies inevitably had a certain influence on the areas south of the Yangtze River, which was then quite a prosperous mission field. The changeable policies of the Qing governments were closely related to the domestic as well as international situations at the time. That the interest of the ruler must not be jeopardized is the precondition of the existence of any foreign religion and it should be acclimatized to the local culture.