煤矿区表层土壤中芳香烃组成、分布特征及标志化合物研究

Distribution, composition and mark compounds of aromatic pollutants in surface soil samples from coal-mining area——a case study of Shilong, Pingdingshan, Henan, China

采用GC-MS技术分析了平顶山市石龙区土壤样品中多环芳烃(PAHs)污染物的化学组成及分布特征,共鉴定出78种代表性化合物,包括11种USEPA优控PAHs.结果表明,总体上土壤样品中单体烃菲、荧蒽、芴、芘含量比较高.在不同功能区域芳烃含量差别较大,采矿区及焦化厂区土壤中芳烃含量明显高于污灌区和农业区,而煤矸石山附近土壤中芳烃含量最高.采矿区、焦化厂区和污灌区土壤中低环数PAHs的比例远大于高环数PAHs,农业区反之.通过对φMP/φP、MPI1、φP/φA、φFL/φPY等参数值的分析认为,煤尘、烟灰沉降是石龙区土壤中PAHs积累的主要影响因素.由单体烃与PAHs的相关性分析得知,和蒽可作为煤矿区域表层土壤中PAHs的标志性污染物.

Surface soil samples, which were collected from the Shilong coal-mining area, Pingdingshan, Henan, China, have been studied for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） by means of GC-MS technology. Seventy-eight PAHs have been identified and they include 11 US EPA PAHs. Of them, phenanthrene, fluoranthene, fluorine and pyrene are most abundant in the surface soil. The composition and distribution of all the PAHs are different in different zones, and the PAHs in the coal-mining and coking zones are much higher than that of the drainage-irrigated and farming zones. Furthermore, the most abundant PAHs are in the soil near the waste dump. There are more low molecular weight PAHs than high molecular weight PAHs in the coalmining, coking and drainage-irrigated zones whereas the opposite is the case in the farming zone. Considering organic geochemical parameters such as φmp/φp, MP11, φp/φA, φPL/φPY, we conclude that the accumulation of the PAHs in the surface soil has resulted from the deposition of coal dust and coal ash over a considerable period time. Our studies indicate that both the anthracene abundance and the chrysene abundance have a positive relationship with the PAHs abundance. Thus we propose that the abundances of the two compounds can be used as good indicators to show the overall abundance of the PAHs in the soil in the Shilong area.