石灰氮和水杨酸对油桃金山早红花芽休眠的影响

Effects of CaCN_2 and SA on Dormancy Release of Flower Bud of Nectarine

以金山早红油桃为试材,在花芽自然休眠进程的不同阶段施用不同浓度的石灰氮和水杨酸后置于温室中进行萌芽培养,并对芽体内活性氧含量、抗氧化酶活性和呼吸速率变化进行了测定。结果表明:①初休眠期和深休眠期施用水杨酸对油桃破眠无效,后期休眠10%水杨酸对促进油桃破眠有一定效果,萌芽较对照提前8 d,最终萌芽率达100%;在整个休眠期石灰氮处理对破眠无效。②在初休眠期和深休眠期,石灰氮和水杨酸处理的花芽H2O2含量、抗氧化酶和呼吸速率的变化趋势相似。③在休眠后期,芽体的H2O2含量很低,但石灰氮处理的有所升高,而水杨酸处理的则呈下降趋势;过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性在较低水平上有所升高后再继续下降,但水杨酸处理的活性比石灰氮处理的上升幅度小;石灰氮和水杨酸处理的过氧化物酶(POD)活性在低水平上升高,幅度大于对照;而超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性则在较高水平上缓慢下降,但10%水杨酸处理的在培养后期有所回升;石灰氮处理的呼吸速率变化幅度很小,但10%水杨酸处理的上升幅度较大。

One-year-old branches with flower buds of nectarine cuhivar Jinshanzaohong were treated with CaCN2 and SA（ salicylic acid） in different stages during natural dormancy to study their effects on dormancy release of flower bud, the content of H202 , activities of antioxidant enzymes, and the respiration rate of buds. The statistics of sprouting ratio showed that SA（2% and 10% ） had no effect on dormancy release of nectarine buds in early and deep dormancy stages. But 10% SA had some effect in late dormancy stage, with the germination happening 8 days earlier than that of the control and the final germination rate reaching 100%. CaCN2 （2% and 15% ） did not favor the dormancy release of nectarine buds. Changes of H2O2 content, activities of antioxidant enzymes and the respiration rate of flower buds treated with CaCN2 were similar to those treated with SA in early dormancy and deep dormancy stage. The low H2O2 content in buds in late dormancy stage was increased slightly with CaCN2 application but dropped with SA treatment. SA raised CAT activity in buds a little more than CaCN2 did. Activity of POD was enhanced due to treatment of CaCN2 and SA, while that of SOD in buds dropped slowly but rose with 10% SA treatment in the late germination stage. The respiratory rate in buds showed a little variation with CaCN2 treatment but a big increment with 10% SA treatment .