基于火用分析的水质评价研究——以上海市黄浦江为例

A Unified Measure of Water Quality Based on Exergy Analysis——Shanghai Huangpu River as a Case Study

从火用与环境的本质关系出发,阐述了火用分析应用于环境问题领域的理论基础和方法,通过对水体污染火用的计算来确定水体的水质状况,实现了对水质分析的定量化和统一化,并阐明了其物理意义.同时将火用分析法与其他评价方法进行了比较,说明了它们在理论原理、量化水平以及与国家标准关联方面的差异,并以上海市黄浦江为例对该方法的运用及其与其他评价方法的比较进行了计算分析.结果表明:火用分析能够统一、客观、定量地表达水污染对环境的损害潜能,直观地评判水质等级状况.该方法概念清晰、理论严谨,是在环境问题研究方法上的有益探索.

Exergy analysis could be used to study environmental issues due to the relationship between exergy and environment that was based on the theory of thermodynamics. The exergy embodied in pollutants was calculated and its implication of thermodynamics was revealed, which made it possible to have a quantitative and unified measure of water quality. Moreover, the differences in theoretical principle, available quantitative estimation and the connection with water environmental standard between exergy analysis and other existing methods were discussed. A case study of water quality assessment using exergy analysis on Huangpu River in Shanghai city was presented. The results show that the exergy embodied in the pollutants offers a fairly reliable measure of the potential for environmental harm and exergy analysis presents a unified thermodynamic measure of objective evaluation of water environment without violating physical laws. The relationship between the magnitude of the exergy of the pollutants given by monitoring data and that ruled by legally allowed quality standard could be observed directly. Compared with conventional methods, the inherent physical characteristic of exergy analysis makes it a promising approach beneficial to the development of environmental science research.