人口老龄化使中国老年护理面临巨大挑战

A great challenge to Chinese geriatric nursing because of population aging

目的分析人口老龄化的趋势和中国传统的养老方式以及现存的应对老龄化的服务系统。方法应用电子数据库查阅PubMed，CINAHL，维谱和万方等数据库。结果阐述并分析了我国正在弱化的3种养老方式：家庭支持系统被“4-2-1”型家庭结构和“空巢家庭”的存在所破坏；自我照顾方式由于慢性病的高发和经济条件而受到限制；社会支持系统也因为不充足的老年照护设施和不完备的养老保险系统等而不能满足老年护理的社会需要。结论中国面临亟待应对的老年护理的挑战。

Objective To analyze the trend of population aging, the Chinese traditional way of caring for the aged, and the current service system coping the population aging. Methods Using the method of literature review of electronic database of PubMed, CINAHL, WeiPu and WanFang, about 20 articles were electronically studied. Results Three ways of caring for the aged that were attenuating in Chi na were illustrated and analyzed. The ＂4-2-1＂ family structure and ＂empty nests＂ undermined the family support system. The prevalence of chronic illnesses and lack of money limited the self--care way. Social support system could not meet the social needs of geriatric nursing because of insufficient care facilities for the aged and imperfect endowment insurance. Conclusions China is facing a big problem that has to be settled urgently.