摘要
目的了解急性腹泻患者对口服补液盐（ORS）的认知水平、选择意愿及使用情况，探讨护理干预措施。方法自行设计调查问卷对137例急性腹泻病住院患者进行调查，评估患者对ORS的认知水平、选择意愿；给予护理干预措施后．再次调查，比较护理干预前后患者对ORS认知水平的异同。结果本组患者对ORS的认知水平、选择意愿及正确服用率普遍较低；文化程度、患腹泻病次数、曾接触过ORS信息宣教等因素与ORS认知水平和选择意愿呈正相关。护理干预后，患者对ORS的认知情况明显改善，平均得分由（7．28±5．02）上升到（11．15±4．08）（t=7．00，P=0．000）；对ORS的选用率由原来的13．86％上升到72．26％（x^2=95．26，P=0．000）；ORS正确服用率由原来的7．29％升高到68．61％（x^2=109．35．P=0．000）。结论护理干预措施能提高腹泻患者对ORS的认知水平、选择意愿和正确使用率。
Objective To investigate the knowledge level, desire for making a choice, and rate of correct usage of oral rehydration salt （ORS） in patients with acute diarrhea and to explore the nursing in tervention measures. Methods One hundred and thirty-seven patients with acute diarrhea were investigated by answering a self-designed questionnaire. The knowledge level, the selecting will, and the usage of ORS in the patients were evaluated. After some nursing intervention had been carried out, the patients were investigated again with the same questionnaire. The differences between the two investigations were compared. Results The knowledge level, the selecting desire and the rate of correct usage of ORS were rather low in these patients. Few of them could take ORS correctly. The degree of education, the times of suffering from diarrhea, and the experience of contacting with ORS were the main positive correlation factors related to knowledge level and choice desire of ORS. After nursing intervention, the cognition degree was improved significantly. The average score increased to （ 11. 15 ＋ 4.08 ） from （7.28 ＋ 5.02） （t = 7.00, P = 0.000）. The rate of choosing ORS increased to 72. 26 % from original 13.86% （x^2=95.26, P = 0.000）; and the rate of taking ORS correctly increased to 68. 61% from primary 7.29 % （x^2= = 109.35, P = 0. 000）. Conclusions With the nursing intervention, the knowledge level, the choice desire and the rate of correct usage of ORS in patients with acute diarrhea can be improved significantly.
关键词
腹泻
口服补液盐
认知
护理
Diarrhea
Oral rehydration salt （ORS）
Cognition
Nursing
