日本公务员制度的特点与借鉴意义

The Characteristics of Civil Servant System in Japan and Its Significance for Reference

在我国社会主义市场经济体制逐步确立的过程中,行政体制改革和国家公务员制度建设作为体制转换的重要方面正在全面推开。如何健全和完善我国公务员制度,进一步提高“依法治国”的执政水平,已成为当代中国行政体制改革中亟须解决的课题。本文分析了日本公务员制度中人员分类管理、人事管理体制、人员编制等三方面的特点,认为日本公务员制度在国家和地方公务员在财权和事权的平衡上需要进一步理顺,地方公务员在职级、待遇的标准上需要进一步统一,并且需要进一步改善公务员管理在局部区域过于薄弱的状况。通过研究,作者提出日本公务员制度在以法律形式规范人员编制、建立政府机关内部矛盾化解机制、切实抓好在岗公务员业务培训三方面尤其值得我国借鉴。

In the proces s of gradually establishing a complete socialist market economic system, the reform of the administrative system and establishment of the civil servant system, which are of great importance in the system transformation, have been carried out in an all-round way. And how to improve China＇s civil servant system and further upgrade the administration according to the law have been an urgent problem to be solved. This essay analyzes the characteristics of those three aspects, namely： The personnel classifies and manages, personal administration system and manning quotas, in the system of public servants in Japan. It suggests the affairs between Economic rights and authority of office should be made clearer and the standards in the treatment and the title of the local civil servants should be unified. Also it is necessary to further improve the week situation on the management of civil servants in some areas. Through the research, the author point out that civil service in Japan is worth learning in the following three aspects ：to standardize the size of its working personnel in legal form, to establish the mechanism of solving the contradiction inside the government, to strengthen the training of public servants.