行动及其理解:舒茨与米德的社会学思想比较

Action and Understanding:Comparison between G·Mead's and A·Schutz's Ideas in Sociology

理解是社会科学特有的一种方法;它强调自然实在与社会实在之间的本质区别。这种方法向传统的科学观所崇尚的感觉至高地位、认知必须从感觉出发、用自然科学的理想模式建构社会科学等观点提出了严重挑战。社会心理学大师米德与现象学社会学创始人舒茨都曾对理解的方法做过精辟独到的论述。文章的主要内容就是要从理解的不同方面:理解的对象——行动、理解的内容——意义以及理解的方式——主体间性等对米德与舒茨进行一次简要的比较;也试图就此理清米德的思想是如何、以及在何种程度上影响了舒茨的。

Understanding is a unique method of social science; it emphasizes the essence of the distinction between the natural reality and the social reality. This approach presents serious challenges to the views of the traditional scientific view that upholds the primacy of feeling, awareness must be started from feeling and constructing the social sciences in the ideal model of the natural sciences. Social Psychology master Mead and Phenomenological Sociology founder Schutz both have done brilliantly unique exposition to the approach of the understanding. The main content of the papers is that a summary comparison between Mead and Schutz will be done from the different aspect of understanding ： the target of understanding - action, the content of understanding - meanings and the man- ner of understanding - the approach of intersubjectivity ; and we also hope to pry into the thinking of Mead is how and to what extent af- fects Schutz.