南方暖湿地区河流生态环境需水量估算

River Eco-environmental Water Requirement in the Warm-wetness Region

以广东省鹤山市沙坪河生态环境需水为研究对象,从河流水资源规划、开发利用过程中涉及到的生态环境需水问题出发,提出了暖湿地区河流生态环境需水量计算的方法,并计算了各项生态环境需水的数量和比例。其中:基本生态环境需水量0.79 m3/s;水面蒸发需水量0.05 m2/s;输沙需水量0.70 m3/s;稀释净化污染物需水量1.10 m3/s;水土保持需水量1.00 m3/s。沙坪河生态环境需水总量3.64 m3/s,总生态环境需水量约占地表径流总量的38.6%,成果可用于水资源规划与开发利用。

Based on the systemic planning of water resources of Heshan City, Guangdong Province, and a mass of data about hydrology and ecology collected from field survey, the classification of river eco-environmental water requirement was discussed. The objectives of the research were to realize basic ecological functions of a river and approximately calculate the eco-environmental water requirement of Shaping River using the updated calculation method for eco-environmental water requirement. Classification and computation are performed for making contributions to the harmony of society and economy, sustainable development and realization of optimal eco-environmental development. The results from calculation show that the total eco-environmental water requirement of Shaping River is about 3.18×107 m^3, accounting for 38.6 % of normal annual runoff. According to the eco-environmental water requirement, the distribution of water resources of the river is optimized, and the optimal projects of water saving and water resource protection are designed by the characteristics of water requirement of the river, The research offers a scientific basis for the rational exploitation, utilization and protection of water resources of the river.