宁夏盐池县草场退化因素分析

Analysis of Factors Responsible for Pasture Degradation in Yanchi County of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region

宁夏盐池县是干旱草原向半干旱草原的过渡地带,也是我国北方农牧交错带沙漠化强烈发展的地区之一。近50 a来该区草场严重退化。阐述了人类活动包括滥采、滥樵、滥垦、滥牧等行为对草场退化的推动作用,并对产生这些行为的动力因素进行了分析。结果认为人口增长速度过快且素质较低,社会经济发展水平低,土地资源利用不合理,政策执行困难且效果不理想这4个方面的因素导致了人类破坏草场的一系列行为,解决草场退化问题应从这些因素入手寻求解决方法。

Yanchi County, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region is located in the transition area from the arid steppe grasslands to the semi-arid region, and is one of the strong desertification areas in the criss-cross agricultural and grazing belt of North China. The pasture was subject to serious degradation in the past 50 years. This paper studies the human activities including indiscriminate exploitation, indiscriminate cutting firewood, indiscriminate reclamation and indiscriminate grazing, which greatly aggravate grassland degradation. Analyses indicate that the activities are resulted from the rapid growth and lower quality of population, low level of socio-economic development, irrational use of land resources and difficulty in policy implementation. To alleviate pasture degradation, we should seek solutions of the activities at first.