俄罗斯养老金制度改革评析

An Analysis on Russia's pension system Reform

俄罗斯养老金制度起源于前苏维埃时期。前苏联解体后,俄罗斯政府为了适应市场经济发展的需要,改革了国家集中管理的养老保险制度,实行了资金来源多样化的、重视效率并兼顾公平的社会保障模式。新的养老金制度支付体系的实施,表明俄罗斯基本建立起了社会化的养老保险制度框架。政府预算开支已经显著降低,依靠社会集资占据主导地位。但是2000年以前的养老金制度实质上仍是前苏联时期的现收现支体系的翻版。从2001年12月起,《俄罗斯联邦强制养老保险法》、《俄罗斯联邦国家养老保障法》和《俄罗斯联邦劳动养老金法》同时开始生效。这标志着俄罗斯的养老保障体制改革进入了一个更加完备的有法律保障的发展阶段。

The pension system of Russia was originated from the Soviet time. Along with Soviet Uniong disintegration, Russia government began to reform the country centralized old - age insurance system. With the implement of ＂ Russian federation Forcing to care for the aged of insurance Law ＂ ,＂ Russian federation Country Caring for the aged Safeguard Law＂ and ＂Russian federation Work Pension Law＂ , Russia basically established the socialization pension system frame. We attempted to make a brief review and evaluation about the Russian pension system reform.