骨髓间充质干细胞向神经细胞分化的可塑性研究

Advancement in Differentiating Plasticity of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Into Nervous Cells

骨髓中至少存在两种骨髓干细胞(BMSCs),即造血干细胞(HSCs)和间充质干细胞(MSCs)。其中MSCs除具有自我更新和多向分化的潜能外,更具有很强的可塑性。无论是在体外实验、还是在体内实验,MSCs都可以向中枢神经系统(CNS)神经细胞分化,包括神经元、星形胶质细胞和少突胶质细胞等。在此对以下三个方面的问题进行综述:MSCs可塑性在CNS组织维护和修复中发挥作用的研究现状、MSCs可塑性发生的可能机制以及目前MSCs可塑性研究中面临的挑战。

Adult bone marrow mainly includes two populations of bone marrow stem cells （BMSCs） ： hematopoiefic stem cells （HSCs） and mesenchymal stem cells （MSCs）. MSCs not only have the potential capable of self-renewal and muhipotential differentiation, but also have a higher plasticity. Both in vivo and in vitro, MSCs can differentiate into Central Nervous System （CNS）cells, including neurons, astrocytes and oligedendrocytes. This article reviewed the literatures about research advances of MSCs plasticity in maintenance and repairment of CNS tissue and possible mechanisms, and the current challenges that adult MSCs studies faced with.