土壤耕作及秸秆还田对冬小麦生长状况及产量的影响

Effects of soil tillage and returning straw to soil on wheat growth status and yield

该文研究了土壤耕作、秸秆还田两项技术措施及其交互效应对冬小麦群体发育动态、冬小麦产量形成及其构成要素的影响。常规耕作、免耕、耙耕、深松4种土壤耕作技术与无秸秆还田、秸秆全量粉碎还田两种秸秆还田量构成8个处理,并对不同处理中冬小麦生长发育动态及产量形成进行调查、分析。结果表明不同耕作处理对冬小麦出苗率、群体动态、产量构成有显著影响,免耕小麦出苗率仅60.2%,群体过小,产量显著低于常规耕作;耙耕、深松在与常规耕作相同播量下能形成适宜的群体,且穗粒数、千粒重均高于常规耕作,分别比常规耕作增产8.15%和6.91%;经作用力分析,耕作措施是影响冬小麦群体结构与产量构成的最重要因素,作用力大于秸秆及秸秆×耕作交互效应。

The studies were conducted on the effect of two single practices, including soil tillage and returning straw to soil, and the interaction on winter-wheat growth status and yield components. In the experiment, the growth status and yield components of different treatments were investigated, Eight treatments were from the combination of four tillage practices, conventional tillage（C）, zero-tillage（Z）, harrow-tillage（H） and subsoiltillage （S） included, and absent straw（A） or present straw（P）. The preliminary results showed that field seedling emergence rate, growth status and yield components were significantly affected by different tillage systems. The field seedling emergence rate in Z treatment was only 60.2%, Its yield was significantly lower than C because of the deficient population. The yields of H and S were both higher than C because of that the kernel per spike and Weight of 1000 kernels were both higher than C and the growth status of them was proper, The increasing rates were 8.15% and 6.91%. Through the analysis of affecting force, It can be concluded that independent effect of soil tillage is the most important factor to growth status and yield components. Its affecting force is superior to that of straw management and their interaction.