论风险预防原则的适用要件——以国际环境法为背景

On the Applicable Conditions of the Precautionary Principle——from the Background of International Environmental Law

作为国际环境法的基本原则之一,风险预防原则已经在许多国际环境协定中得到了直接的规定或间接的反映。在适用风险预防原则的过程中,需要遵循以下三个方面的要件:1.适用风险预防原则的前提条件,包括风险阀值和科学不确定性的确定;2.依据风险预防原则进行决策的过程中需遵循的要件,包括成本效益分析以及根据不同的风险水平采取适当的预防措施;3.执行风险预防措施的过程中需遵循的要件,包括对措施的后期审查及相关科学信息的收集。

As one basic principle of international environmental law, the precautionary principle has been laid down or reflected in many multilateral environmental agreements. In the process of applying the principle, three conditions should be satisfied： the first one is the preliminary condition, including the level of perceived risk to trigger precautionary action and the level of scientific uncertainty to justified precautionary action; the second one is the condition which should be satisfied in the process of making decisions according to the precautionary principle, including the analysis of costs and benefits, and the consideration of what action to take when precaution is justified ; the last one is the periodic review of the action and the collection of relevant scientific information.