台湾地区军事司法的价值取向——以军事司法审级制度为视角

The Value Orientation and legislative Effects of Military Judicature in Taiwan——Perspective from Military Trial Level

军事司法主要有两大价值,即秩序安全价值和权利保障价值。台湾地区军事司法的价值取向经历了维护军事秩序和安全的一元价值到秩序安全优先于权利保障、秩序安全和权利保障并重的二元价值的发展过程。军事司法价值取向的发展变化是台湾地区军事司法制度现代转型的内在动因,其突出表现是在军事司法审级制度方面,1956年之前实行一审一核制,1956年以后实行复判制度,1990年末改为实行上诉制度。在军事司法制度的改革和完善过程中,坚持以军人权利保障为基本价值理念,以促进当事人诉讼权利和实现司法公正为出发点和归宿。

The military judicature has two major values： the values of safeguarding order and guaranteeing rights. The value orientation of the military judicature in Taiwan has experienced three stages, namely, maintaining the military order and security, the safeguarding order prior to the guaranteeing rights, and the equal importance of the safeguarding order and the guaranteeing rights. The changing during these three stages is the driving force to the modernization of Taiwan military judicature system. It is eminently reflected in the trial level of the military judicature： during its reign in China's Mainland, the Kuomintang government practiced the system of a review after a trial;in 1950s, they adopted the reexamining system; in 1990s, the system was changed into the appeal system. In the reform and development of the military judicature system, the human rights in the army should be taken as the ideals of the value, aiming at promoting the litigant right and the realization of the justice in judicature.